Osteochondrosis is a disease in which a number of disorders are observed in the articular cartilage. Osteochondrosis can occur in different joints, but most often affects osteochondrosis the intervertebral discs. When we look at the location of the disease, osteochondrosis is common to be divided into the chest, cervix and the lumbar spine. Osteochondrosis is an illness that causes pain in the back in about 80% of the cases. In the case of complications of osteochondrosis, hernia of intermediate discs sometimes appear in the head, limbs and other organs. The most common is the osteochondrosis lumbar, which causes pain in the legs. Many people complain about manifestations of cervical osteochondrosis, in their hands and head. The pain occurs in the inner organs in the breast form of the disease.
The causes of osteochondrosis
The initial cause of osteochondrosis of the spine is the lightness of a person. There are many different theories regarding the causes of osteochondrosis. This is, for example, a predisposition of hereditary nature, injury and a violation of the metabolic processes in the body. The determination of the causes of this disease is made more difficult by the fact that the disease manifests itself in people of different ages, different bodily harm and physical development.
There is also a theory that the cause of osteochondrosis is the deposit of salts in the spine. However, experts argue that this is a deception to a certain extent. And it is the correct analysis of the causes of the disease that is the most important effective treatment of the disease.
In the case of osteochondrosis, the type of disease is not anti-inflammatory, degenerative-dystrophic. The fabric nutrition is disturbed in the development of the disease, its structure is born again. People who have active physical activity have more durable and elastic bone tissue. This is due to the fact that the panes of the spine do not have their own vessels in a person of a person, so oxygen and nutrients come from the tissues nearby. A similar process can only be full when the blood circulation is active, which is only possible in the process of constant intensive muscle operation.
Each intermediate disk consists of two parts. In the middle of the disc there is a gelatinous core that makes the disc elastic and surrounds its fibrous durable ring. If the food of the intervertebral discs deteriorates, the structure of organic polymer compounds can be destroyed. Due to a decrease in moisture in the disc, it becomes fragile. And when the spine is overloaded, the jacket is divided into fragments. As a result, its elasticity is significantly reduced. The fiber rings also lose strength. Such phenomena become a starting point for manifestation of osteochondrosis in humans. The manifestation of degenerative-dystrophic changes in the spine is calcified by damaged windows, ligaments and capsules. A similar phenomenon is the last stage of the development of the disease.
Unfortunately, the reverse process is almost impossible after such changes in the spine. Therefore, the main task in the treatment of osteochondrosis is the current position.
Basically, manifestations of osteochondrosis become more pronounced in people after reaching fifties aged. In addition, the older one person becomes, the more manifestations of the disease are observed. Recently, more and more young people with complaints about back pain doctors are talking.
The causes of such an early appearance of osteochondrosis are primarily very weak physical activity, problems with posture and a twisted spine, flat feet and obesity. So far, the main causes of osteochondrosis are considered the following: the following:
- Review of an inherited nature;
- Problems with metabolic processes, poisoning, infection;
- the presence of excess weight, irrational nutrition (small lack of fluid consumption of trace elements);
- the presence of spinal injuries, its curvature, inappropriate attitude, flat feet;
- Existence under poor ecological conditions;
- inactive lifestyle;
- Regular weight lifting, work in unpleasant poses for a long time, an activity in which a person often repeats sudden movements, twists and diffraction of the body.
- Too strong physical activity, overloading of the spine due to foot diseases, inconvenience when wearing shoes and the stress during pregnancy;
- The sudden termination of constant training by people who do sports, stress and malignant smoking.
Symptoms of osteochondrosis
Material back pain appears first in people who are sick on osteochondrosis. Sometimes such pain is accompanied by deafness and the sensations of pain in the limbs. If the therapy of osteochondrosis does not begin in time, the person quickly loses weight and has an atrophy of the limbs. In physical exercises and stress as well as when increasing too heavy objects, the pain of sneezing and coughing can become more intense. In the patient, osteochondrosis reduces the movement volume, muscle cramps manifest.
The cervical osteochondrosis manifests itself due to the characteristics of the structure of the cervical spine. The vertebrae of the cervix region have significantly smaller sizes than the vertebrae of the other spine. Accordingly, the cervical osteochondrosis manifests itself due to constant stress on the neck. The symptoms of the neck osteochondrosis are expressed as follows: pain manifest themselves in the hands, neck, shoulders, headaches. This type of illness is characterized by the syndrome of vertebral artery. With the manifestation of this syndrome, a person feels the presence of noise in his head, flashes "fly" in front of the eyes and a head turns. Several colored spots can occur in front of your eyes, in parallel, a person feels severe pain in a pulsating character. The symptoms of a neck osteochondrosis sometimes resemble signs of angina pectorator, but the patient has no change in the heart in the study.
In patients with osteochondrosis of the thoracic spine, the patient feels pain in the chest. The region of the heart and other internal organs can be given pain. The pain of the lumbosacral osteochondrosis feels the pain in the lower back, the feet, the sacrum, the pelvic organs. Your nerve roots are affected, the sensitivity is disturbed, reflexes can lose weight and hypotension can occur.
Diagnosis of osteochondrosis
The specialist already determines a preliminary diagnosis of osteochondrosis during the patient's first examination. As a rule, an inspection is carried out by a medical neuropathologist. As a rule, the patient comes to reception with complaints about pain and deformation or restrictions on mobility. The patient's spine is carried out in a standing position, lying and sitting. The doctor examines him both in motion and in peace. During the examination, the doctor necessarily pays attention to the attitude of a person, the characteristics of his body, the characteristics of the spine, the relief of the muscles that are near the spine. You can add information to the patient's inspection results as to whether the vertebral salicin formation, where the pain is and determine the degree of its intensity. In the feeling of feeling, it is also determined how tense the muscles are next to the spine, since the muscle tone is associated with most diseases and injuries. In order to determine the amplitude of the movements of the different parts of the spine, the possibilities of bending are examined. In the diagnosis of osteochondrosis, computer tomography, X -ray wiring and magnetic resonance imaging are often used. With these methods you can find out how high the damage to the spine damages to determine whether there are hidden pathologies and to determine the diagnosis. The doctor can determine how the tactics of therapy is the most efficient tactic for the most effective.
Treatment of osteochondrosis
The treatment of cervical osteochondrosis as well as other forms of the disease and its complications is carried out using conservative methods, the purpose of which is to eliminate pain, restore the functions of cerebrospinal roots and to prevent dystrophic phenomena in the structures of the spine.
If all methods of conservative treatment do not achieve the right effect and there are special information on this, the surgical treatment methods of osteochondrosis are sometimes prescribed to the patient. The volume of the surgical interventions depends directly on how influence the spine and the intensive symptoms of the disease are intense. The severity of the disease also depends on the therapy duration. As a rule, the active treatment phase using conservative methods is mainly about 1-3 months. After the operation, the patient is restored about a year. After the start of conservative treatment, many patients with osteochondrosis have an increase in pain. This is a reaction of muscles and other formations to treatment.
If pain syndrome is too serious, it can be stopped relatively quickly with physiotherapeutic methods, medicines and the use of a complex exercises for patients with osteochondrosis. It is important to take into account that an important factor that influences the effectiveness of the treatment is the correct behavior of the patient, its appropriate attitude to comply with the developed treatment method. Endurance, patience and desire to defeat the disease are important for this. It has been proven that the most effective behavior of conservative treatment and recovery after surgery in sanatoriums and in medical centers that specialize in the treatment of this disease. With the required devices and qualified doctors, complex treatment will be most effective and effective.
The complex therapy in the treatment of cervical osteochondrosis necessarily includes physiotherapy exercises, massage, physiotherapy, manual therapy, reflex zone massage and the use of medicinal products.
One of the most important effects on the state of the human musculoskeletal system are physiotherapy exercises. The patient regularly carries out a certain number of exercises in which decompression of the nerve roots gradually occurs, the correction of the muscle corset, the flexibility of the ligaments and muscles increases. Special exercises for cervical osteochondrosis also enable us to ensure effective prevention of further development of the disease. The main condition is the regularity of all exercises.
When using physiotherapy, osteochondrosis is treated with the help of physical factors - magnetic fields, low frequency, ultrasound, etc. With this technology you can reduce the rehabilitation period after operation and strengthen the effects of different medicines. With the help of the massage you can relieve muscle tension, improve blood flow and strengthen the effects in general.
To remove sharp pain, manual therapy is used. With this technique you can also adapt the attitude. The pain is also facilitated using the spinal elimination - the procedure for special devices. With the reflex zone massage, the reflexogenic zones of the human body are exposed and can significantly improve the effects of other methods.
During the aggravation of the disease, treatment is used with the help of medicinal products with which inflammation is removed, pain is stopped, metabolic processes are activated. Medicines are administered intravenously or intramuscularly.
The most tangible treatment results are observed when using various methods in the complex. In the treatment of cervical osteochondrosis and other forms of the disease, however, she should only prescribe the appealing doctor.